{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# U.S. Gun Deaths Guided Project Solutions"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Introducing U.S. Gun Deaths Data"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import csv\n",
    "\n",
    "with open(\"guns.csv\", \"r\") as f:\n",
    "    reader = csv.reader(f)\n",
    "    data = list(reader)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[['', 'year', 'month', 'intent', 'police', 'sex', 'age', 'race', 'hispanic', 'place', 'education'], ['1', '2012', '01', 'Suicide', '0', 'M', '34', 'Asian/Pacific Islander', '100', 'Home', '4'], ['2', '2012', '01', 'Suicide', '0', 'F', '21', 'White', '100', 'Street', '3'], ['3', '2012', '01', 'Suicide', '0', 'M', '60', 'White', '100', 'Other specified', '4'], ['4', '2012', '02', 'Suicide', '0', 'M', '64', 'White', '100', 'Home', '4']]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(data[:5])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Removing Headers from a List of Lists"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[['', 'year', 'month', 'intent', 'police', 'sex', 'age', 'race', 'hispanic', 'place', 'education']]\n",
      "[['1', '2012', '01', 'Suicide', '0', 'M', '34', 'Asian/Pacific Islander', '100', 'Home', '4'], ['2', '2012', '01', 'Suicide', '0', 'F', '21', 'White', '100', 'Street', '3'], ['3', '2012', '01', 'Suicide', '0', 'M', '60', 'White', '100', 'Other specified', '4'], ['4', '2012', '02', 'Suicide', '0', 'M', '64', 'White', '100', 'Home', '4'], ['5', '2012', '02', 'Suicide', '0', 'M', '31', 'White', '100', 'Other specified', '2']]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "headers = data[:1]\n",
    "data = data[1:]\n",
    "print(headers)\n",
    "print(data[:5])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Counting Gun Deaths by Year"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'2012': 33563, '2013': 33636, '2014': 33599}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "years = [row[1] for row in data]\n",
    "\n",
    "year_counts = {}\n",
    "for year in years:\n",
    "    if year not in year_counts:\n",
    "        year_counts[year] = 1\n",
    "    else:  \n",
    "        year_counts[year] += 1\n",
    "\n",
    "year_counts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Exploring Gun Deaths by Month and Year"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[datetime.datetime(2012, 1, 1, 0, 0),\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2012, 1, 1, 0, 0),\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2012, 1, 1, 0, 0),\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2012, 2, 1, 0, 0),\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2012, 2, 1, 0, 0)]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 34,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import datetime\n",
    "\n",
    "dates = [datetime.datetime(year=int(row[1]), month=int(row[2]), day=1) for row in data]\n",
    "dates[:5]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{datetime.datetime(2012, 1, 1, 0, 0): 2758,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2012, 2, 1, 0, 0): 2357,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2012, 3, 1, 0, 0): 2743,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2012, 4, 1, 0, 0): 2795,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2012, 5, 1, 0, 0): 2999,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2012, 6, 1, 0, 0): 2826,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2012, 7, 1, 0, 0): 3026,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2012, 8, 1, 0, 0): 2954,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2012, 9, 1, 0, 0): 2852,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2012, 10, 1, 0, 0): 2733,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2012, 11, 1, 0, 0): 2729,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2012, 12, 1, 0, 0): 2791,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2013, 1, 1, 0, 0): 2864,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2013, 2, 1, 0, 0): 2375,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2013, 3, 1, 0, 0): 2862,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2013, 4, 1, 0, 0): 2798,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2013, 5, 1, 0, 0): 2806,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2013, 6, 1, 0, 0): 2920,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2013, 7, 1, 0, 0): 3079,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2013, 8, 1, 0, 0): 2859,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2013, 9, 1, 0, 0): 2742,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2013, 10, 1, 0, 0): 2808,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2013, 11, 1, 0, 0): 2758,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 1, 0, 0): 2765,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2014, 1, 1, 0, 0): 2651,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2014, 2, 1, 0, 0): 2361,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2014, 3, 1, 0, 0): 2684,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2014, 4, 1, 0, 0): 2862,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2014, 5, 1, 0, 0): 2864,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2014, 6, 1, 0, 0): 2931,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2014, 7, 1, 0, 0): 2884,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 1, 0, 0): 2970,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2014, 9, 1, 0, 0): 2914,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 1, 0, 0): 2865,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2014, 11, 1, 0, 0): 2756,\n",
       " datetime.datetime(2014, 12, 1, 0, 0): 2857}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 35,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "date_counts = {}\n",
    "\n",
    "for date in dates:\n",
    "    if date not in date_counts:\n",
    "        date_counts[date] = 0\n",
    "    date_counts[date] += 1\n",
    "\n",
    "date_counts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Exploring Gun Deaths by Race and Sex"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 54,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'F': 14449, 'M': 86349}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 54,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "sexes = [row[5] for row in data]\n",
    "sex_counts = {}\n",
    "for sex in sexes:\n",
    "    if sex not in sex_counts:\n",
    "        sex_counts[sex] = 0\n",
    "    sex_counts[sex] += 1\n",
    "sex_counts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'Asian/Pacific Islander': 1326,\n",
       " 'Black': 23296,\n",
       " 'Hispanic': 9022,\n",
       " 'Native American/Native Alaskan': 917,\n",
       " 'White': 66237}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "races = [row[7] for row in data]\n",
    "race_counts = {}\n",
    "for race in races:\n",
    "    if race not in race_counts:\n",
    "        race_counts[race] = 0\n",
    "    race_counts[race] += 1\n",
    "race_counts"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Findings So Far\n",
    "\n",
    "Gun deaths in the U.S. seem to disproportionately affect men. They also seem to disproportionately affect minorities, although having some data on the percentage of each race in the overall U.S. population would help.\n",
    "\n",
    "There appears to be a minor seasonal correlation, with gun deaths peaking in the summer and declining in the winter.  It might be useful to filter by intent, to see if different categories of intent have different correlations with season, race, or gender."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Reading in a Second Dataset"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 57,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[['Id',\n",
       "  'Year',\n",
       "  'Id',\n",
       "  'Sex',\n",
       "  'Id',\n",
       "  'Hispanic Origin',\n",
       "  'Id',\n",
       "  'Id2',\n",
       "  'Geography',\n",
       "  'Total',\n",
       "  'Race Alone - White',\n",
       "  'Race Alone - Hispanic',\n",
       "  'Race Alone - Black or African American',\n",
       "  'Race Alone - American Indian and Alaska Native',\n",
       "  'Race Alone - Asian',\n",
       "  'Race Alone - Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander',\n",
       "  'Two or More Races'],\n",
       " ['cen42010',\n",
       "  'April 1, 2010 Census',\n",
       "  'totsex',\n",
       "  'Both Sexes',\n",
       "  'tothisp',\n",
       "  'Total',\n",
       "  '0100000US',\n",
       "  '',\n",
       "  'United States',\n",
       "  '308745538',\n",
       "  '197318956',\n",
       "  '44618105',\n",
       "  '40250635',\n",
       "  '3739506',\n",
       "  '15159516',\n",
       "  '674625',\n",
       "  '6984195']]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 57,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import csv\n",
    "\n",
    "with open(\"census.csv\", \"r\") as f:\n",
    "    reader = csv.reader(f)\n",
    "    census = list(reader)\n",
    "    \n",
    "census"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Computing Rates of Gun Deaths Per Race"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'Asian/Pacific Islander': 8.374309664161762,\n",
       " 'Black': 57.8773477735196,\n",
       " 'Hispanic': 20.220491210910907,\n",
       " 'Native American/Native Alaskan': 24.521955573811088,\n",
       " 'White': 33.56849303419181}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "mapping = {\n",
    "    \"Asian/Pacific Islander\": 15159516 + 674625,\n",
    "    \"Native American/Native Alaskan\": 3739506,\n",
    "    \"Black\": 40250635,\n",
    "    \"Hispanic\": 44618105,\n",
    "    \"White\": 197318956\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "race_per_hundredk = {}\n",
    "for k,v in race_counts.items():\n",
    "    race_per_hundredk[k] = (v / mapping[k]) * 100000\n",
    "\n",
    "race_per_hundredk"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Filtering By Intent"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'Asian/Pacific Islander': 3.530346230970155,\n",
       " 'Black': 48.471284987180944,\n",
       " 'Hispanic': 12.627161104219914,\n",
       " 'Native American/Native Alaskan': 8.717729026240365,\n",
       " 'White': 4.6356417981453335}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "intents = [row[3] for row in data]\n",
    "homicide_race_counts = {}\n",
    "for i,race in enumerate(races):\n",
    "    if race not in homicide_race_counts:\n",
    "        homicide_race_counts[race] = 0\n",
    "    if intents[i] == \"Homicide\":\n",
    "        homicide_race_counts[race] += 1\n",
    "\n",
    "race_per_hundredk = {}\n",
    "for k,v in homicide_race_counts.items():\n",
    "    race_per_hundredk[k] = (v / mapping[k]) * 100000\n",
    "\n",
    "race_per_hundredk     "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Findings\n",
    "\n",
    "It appears that gun-related homicides in the U.S. disproportionately affect people in the `Black` and `Hispanic` racial categories.\n",
    "\n",
    "Some areas to investigate further:\n",
    "\n",
    "* The link between month and homicide rate\n",
    "* Homicide rate by gender\n",
    "* The rates of other intents by gender and race\n",
    "* Gun death rates by location and education"
   ]
  }
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